What does Boxing the Compass mean? Explained with Images!

Modern navigators use the 360° angles to refer compass directions. But traditional mariners reckoned that by compass points.

I would say that Boxing the Compass is a necessary sea-going skill even for the modern navigators. During my college days, it was pride among cadets to recite all the 32 points in clockwise and then in anticlockwise direction without pausing. Still, some of the Maritime Academies are training their cadets to do so.

The Math of Compass Points

Before dive in to know about Boxing the compass, I would like to explain the math of compass points. There are 32 points in the Compass of 360°. So the angular range of one Compass point is,

360°/32 = 11.25°

Therefore it is 11.25° between each point on the Marine Compass.

What is Boxing the Compass?

The action of naming all thirty-two points of Marine Compass from due North in a clockwise direction is called Boxing the Compass.

Back in the old days Boxing the Compass required to name all the 128 points including fractional points. That would be a torture for mariners if continued. If you like to know more about fractional points, refer this Wiki-page.

How to Box the Compass?

A 32 point Marine Compass comprises of following divisions:

• Cardinal points
• Inter-cardinal points
• Half points
• Quarter(By) points

Cardinal Points

Let’s start with the big guys. The four cardinal points are the main directions of the compass.

• north (N)
• east (E)
• south (S)
• west (W)

These Cardinal points are at right angles on the compass.

Intercardinal Points

The Intercardinal points are formed by bisecting the angle of the cardinal points.

• northeast (NE)
• southeast (SE)
• southwest (SW)
• northwest (NW)

The Cardinal and Intercardinal points together forms the eight principal directions of the Compass.

Half Point

The Half-points obtained by bisecting the angles between the eight principal points.

• north-northeast (NNE)
• east-northeast (ENE)
• east-southeast (ESE)
• south-southeast (SSE)
• south-southwest (SSW)
• west-southwest (WSW)
• west-northwest (WNW)
• north-northwest (NNW)

Quarter(By) Points

Further sixteen points are obtained by bisecting the angles between the above 16 points. These are called as Quarter points or By points.

• In the first quadrant: north by east (NxE), northeast by north (NExN), northeast by east (NExE), and east by north (ExN);
• In the second quadrant: east by south (ExS), southeast by east (SExE), southeast by south (SExS), and south by east (SxE);
• In the third quadrant: south by west (SxW), southwest by south (SWxS), southwest by west (SWxW), and west by south (WxS);
• In the fourth quadrant: west by north (WxN), northwest by west (NWxW), northwest by north (NWxN), and north by west (NxW).

Table of 32 Compass Points

Therefore the 32-point compass is yielded from the eight principal points, eight half-points and sixteen quarter-points combined together, with each point at an ​11.25° angle from the next.

Direction	Symbol	Degrees
North	N	0(360)
North by East	N by E	11.25
North Northeast	NNE	22.5
Northeast by North	NE by N	33.75
Northeast	NE	45
Northeast by East	NE by E	56.25
East-Northeast	ENE	67.5
East by North	E by N	78.75
East	E	90
East by South	E by S	101.25
East-Southeast	ESE	112.5
Southeast by East	SE by E	123.75
Southeast	SE	135
Southeast by South	SE by S	146.25
South-Southeast	SSE	157.5
South by East	S by E	168.75
South	S	180
South by west	S by W	191.25
South-Southwest	SSW	202.5
Southwest by South	SW by S	213.75
Southwest	SW	225
Southwest by West	SW by W	236.25
West-Southwest	WSW	247.5
West by South	W by S	258.75
West	W	270
West by North	W by N	281.25
West-Northwest	WNW	292.5
Northwest by West	NW by W	303.75
Northwest	NW	315
Northwest by North	NW by N	326.25
North-Northwest	NNW	337.5
North by West	N by W	348.75

Final Thoughts

Modern navigators tend to forget good procedures established over many years by our Seafaring Forefathers. So I wish that the concept of Boxing the Compass to be practiced for the long run.

Also check this post about Marine Sextant, traditional navigation equipment which is on the verge of extinction. In case of any doubt or suggestions, Let me know in the comment section below.